Thorax Anatomy-Important Questions

Important Exam Questions on Thorax

For the Answers, please click on the text highlighted in blue.

Enumerate:

• Contents of intercostal space.
• Intercostal muscles and their action.
• Contents of costal groove from above downwards.
• Branches of internal thoracic artery.
• Branches of a typical intercostal nerve. [Video: typical intercostal nerve]
• Medial branches from the thoracic part of sympathetic chain/trunk.
• Differences between right and left lung.
• Structures passing through the hilum of right lung. [Video: Hilum of Lung]
• Structures passing through the hilum of left lung. [Video: Hilum of Lung]
• Structures related to the mediastinal surface of right lung. [Video: Structures related to mediastinal surface of lungs]
• Structures related to the mediastinal surface of left lung. [Video: Structures related to mediastinal surface of lungs]
• Veins opening into right atrium. [Video: Right atrium]
• Differences between right and left ventricle.
•  Branches of right coronary artery. [Video: Coronary arteries]
• Branches of left coronary artery. [Video: Coronary arteries]
• Tributaries of coronary sinus.
• Branches of ascending aorta.
• Branches of arch of aorta.
• Main opening of diaphragm and structures passing through them.
• Sites of constrictions of oesophagus.
• Tributaries of thoracic duct. [Video: Thoracic duct]
• Contents of superior mediastinum [Video : Mediastinum]
• Contents of posterior mediastinum [Video : Mediastinum]

 Draw labelled diagram to show the following:

•  Contents of a typical intercostal space.
•  Branches of a typical intercostal nerve. [Video: Typical intercostal nerve]
•  Structures passing through the thoracic inlet (transverse section). [Video thoracic inlet]
•  Structures passing through hilum of right lung. [Video: Hilum of Lung]
•  Structures passing through hilum of left lung. [Video: Hilum of Lung]
•  A bronchopulmonary segment. [Video: Bronchopulmonary segments]
• Bronchopulmonary segments of right lung.
• Bronchopulmonary segments of left lung.
•  Internal features of right atrium. [Video: Right atrium]
• Arterial supply of heart. [Video: Coronary arteries]
• Venous drainage  of heart. [Video: venous drainage of heart]

 Write short note/describe briefly

• Intercostal space[Click here] 
• Typical intercostal nerve [Click here]  [Video: Typical intercostal nerve]
• Right Atrium of heart. [Click Here] [Video: Right atrium]
• Coronary arteries.[Click here] [Video: Coronary arteries]

• Venous drainage of heart.[Click here].  [Video: Venous drainage ]
• Bronchopulmonary segments.[Click here] [Video: Bronchopulmonary segments]
• Pleural recesses.[Click here] [Video: Pleural Recesses]
• Transverse and oblique sinus of heart.[Click here]
• Azygous system of veins[Click here] [ Video: Azygos system of Veins]
• Thoraco-abdominal diaphragm.
• Superficial and deep cardiac plexuses.[Click here]
• Thoracic duct[Click here] [Video: Thoracic duct]
• Superior Mediastinum [Video : Mediastinum]
• Posterior Mediastinum [Video : Mediastinum]

Long Answer Type Questions

Q. Describe coronary arteriesarterial supply of heart under the following headings: [Video: Coronary arteries]

• Origin and course of  coronary arteries.
• Branches and  distribution.
• Cardiac dominance.
• Applied.

Q. Describe bronchopulmary segments under the following headings: [Video: Bronchopulmonary segments]

• Define bronchopulmonary segment.
• Boundaries and contents of a  bronchopulmory segment.
• Number and names of bronchopulmonary segments in right and left lung.
• Applied anatomy.

Q. Describe thoracic duct under the following headings: [Video: Thoracic duct]

• Origin
• Course
• Tributaries and areas drained
• Applied aspect

Write anatomical basis of:

• Thoracic inlet syndrome. [Video thoracic inlet]
• The cardiac pain due to angina pectoris or myocardial infarction is usually referred to the left precordium and medial aspect of left arm and forearm.
• Prognosis of coronary disease is better in old age than in young.
• For aspiration of pleural fluid, the needle  is inserted just  above the upper border of the rib or in the lower part of intercostal space [Video: Pleural Recesses]
• In inflammation of the mediastinal and central part of diaphragmatic pleura, the pain is referred to the root of neck and the shoulder region [Video: Pleura]
• Oesophageal varices.
• Achalasia cardia.
• Mostly the aspirated foreign bodies are lodged in the right principal bronchus.